Turning pain into strength: prosocial behaviours in coping with trauma.

Background: Various coping strategies have been shown to alleviate the negative effects of trauma, yet the significance of prosocial behaviour in this realm has been notably underexplored. The present study explored the hypothesis that engaging in prosocial behaviour mitigates the impacts of trauma by promoting a sense of competence and relatedness, post-traumatic growth (PTG), and reconstruction of meaning.Methods: Three consecutive studies were conducted with college students to compare differences in consequence of prosocial behaviours between a trauma group and a control group. Study 1 (N = 96) used self-reported experiences of traumatic vs non-traumatic events; Study 2 (N = 43) used exposure vs. no exposure to video of an earthquake; Study 3 (N = 20) used a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a prosocial-themed intervention vs. no intervention. Outcomes in all studies were assessed by self-report questionnaires.Results: Trauma damaged participants' sense of competence and meaningfulness. Prosocial behaviour relieved the impact of trauma on meaning, specifically manifested in the individuals' sense of meaningfulness and their search for meaning. Group interventions with a prosocial theme (based on effect size results) reduced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and enhanced PTG in victims. The promoting effect on PTG persisted a month later, and its enhancing effect on meaning manifested with a delay.Conclusion: Prosocial behaviour can potentially serve as a beneficial strategy for individuals coping with trauma because it helps enhance meaning and promotes PTG in victims. This conclusion is supported by laboratory experiments and a tentative small-scale intervention study, which provide an innovative perspective for future trauma interventions.

Prosocial behaviour can potentially serve as a beneficial strategy for individuals coping with trauma.Prosocial behaviour relieved the impact of trauma on meaning.Prosocial-themed intervention reduced PTSD and enhanced PTG in victims (based on effect size results).

The use of complementary and alternative medicine and approaches to coping with stress in women with breast cancer: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to reveal the approaches to coping with stress of women with breast cancer and the factors predicting these approaches, to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), and to examine the relationship between use of CAM and approaches to coping with stress. METHODS: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted among 328 women with breast cancer at a training and research hospital in Türkiye. Data were collected with the "Descriptive Information Form" and the "Stress Coping Styles Scale (SCSS)". RESULTS: Women's SCSS score was 47.26 ± 6.39 (effective) and 37.76 ± 6.33 (ineffective). The SCSS score were not significantly different between CAM users and non-CAM users (p > 0.05). The prevalence of CAM use was 36%, the most common types of CAM were herbal products (55.1%) and prayer (33.8%) and the reasons for using CAM were for relaxation (symptomatic) (43.2%). As a result of multivariate logistic regression analysis, level of income, working, number of living children, receiving chemotherapy, receiving surgery, having a family history of cancer, and the interest of their partner after the disease were associated with effective coping with stress (p < 0.05, adjusted R2 = 0.08, 0.05, and 0.33 respectively). Working, receiving chemotherapy, receiving surgery, stage of cancer, and having a history of cancer in a social environment were associated with ineffective coping with stress (p < 0.05, adjusted R2 = 0.14 and 0.11 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: One-third of women were using CAM and had a good level of approaches to coping with stress. Healthcare providers, especially gynecology-oncology nurses, should provide counseling on CAMs and develop strategies for coping with stress for women with breast cancer.

Nurse Managers Coping Strategies for Crisis Management: Qualitative Systematic Review.

Stressor-related disorders are a growing issue for both the individual and the organizations. The aim of the study was to analyze the strategies used by nurse managers to face crises. A systematic review of the literature, including qualitative studies was performed. Data were analyzed using framework-based synthesis and summarized into domains. Quality was evaluated using the JBI QARI Checklist. 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was based on interviews, followed by questionnaires and focus groups. Good communication, organizational commitment and emotional support were the principal domains. Institutions should support nurse managers to cope with stress and make suggestions for adaptations.

Sobrecarga, afrontamiento y soporte social en progenitores de niños con cáncer / Caregiver burden, coping and social support in parents of children with cancer

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento, el soporte social, las características de padres cuidadores migrantes y sus niños con cáncer en la sobrecarga del cuidador de dichos padres. Método: Participaron 82 cuidadores (67 madres y 15 padres) en condición de bajo recursos que residían en albergues para niños con cáncer y sus cuidadores, quienes migraron a la ciudad para recibir el tratamiento. Se utilizó la Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit (Zarit et al., 1980), el Inventario de Afrontamiento COPE (Carver et al., 1989) y el Cuestionario MOS de apoyo social (Sherbourne y Stewart, 1991). Resultado: Se realizaron dos modelos de regresión para evaluar el impacto de las variables demográficas y psicológicas en la carga del cuidador, el primer modelo involucra la escala global de apoyo social (R2 ajustado=,43, F=9,73, p<,001) y el segundo las escalas específicas (R2 ajustado=,45, F=8,23, p<,001). Los resultados evidencian el rol predictivo de las estrategias de afrontamiento como la aceptación, la reinterpretación positiva y enfocar y liberar emociones; el soporte social global y de tipo afectivo; y características sociodemográficas como el nivel de instrucción del progenitor y la edad del hijo en la sobrecarga del cuidador. La mayoría de estas variables tienen una relación inversa con la sobrecarga. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio subrayan la importancia de investigar la sobrecarga del cuidador en situación de vulnerabilidad. Además, el estudio destaca la relevancia de factores como las estrategias de afrontamiento y el apoyo social, que desempeñan un papel clave en la sobrecarga del cuidador.(AU)

Aim: To analyze the relationship between coping strategies, social support, characteristics of migrant parent caregivers and their children with cancer on caregiver overload of such parents. Zarit Burden Interview (Zarit et al., 1980), the COPE Inventory (Carver et al., 1989) and the MOS Social Support Questionnaire (Sherbourne y Stewart, 1991) were used. Method: Eighty-two caregivers (67 mothers and 15 fathers) residing in shelters for children with cancer and their caregivers, who migrated to the city to receive treatment, participated in this study. Results: Two regression models were performed to evaluate the impact of demographic and psychological variables on caregiver burden, the first model involves the global social support scale (R2 adjusted=.43, F=9.73, p<.001) and the second the specific scales (R2 adjusted=.45, F=8.23, p<.001). Results: There is evidence the predictive role of coping strategies such as acceptance, positive reinterpretation and growth, focus and venting of emotions; global and affective social support; and sociodemographic characteristics such as parental level of education and child age in caregiver burden. Most of these variables have an inverse relationship with caregiver burden. Conclusions: The results of the study underline the crucial importance of investigating caregiver burden in the context of vulnerability. In addition, the study highlights the importance of factors such as coping strategies and social support, which play a key role in influencing caregiver burden.(AU)

Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Gender Invariance of the Coping Strategies Inventory in Academic University Stress / [Análisis factorial confirmatorio e invarianza de género del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (CSI) en estrés académico universitario]

Background: Though the Spanish version of the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) is frequently used, it has not been subjected to any significant re-evaluation from a psychometric perspective. Method: We analysed CSI data that was focused on an academic stress situation, using a university sample of 874 participants, 50% of each gender. We conducted reliability, confirmatory factor, and factorial invariance across gender analyses. Results: The first-order factorial structure was confirmed, showing an adequate fit for the eight-factor coping strategies model with good reliability indices. Neither the second-order (problem-centred vs. emotion-centred) nor third-order (engagement vs. disengagement) strategies showed an adequate fit. Factorial invariance for gender was confirmed. Conclusions: The theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed.(AU)

Antecedentes: Aunque la versión española del del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (CSI) se usa frecuentemente, no se ha sometido a reevaluación psicométrica. Método: Analizamos datos del CSI aplicados a situaciones de estrés académico utilizando una muestra universitaria de 874 participantes, 50% de cada género. Llevamos a cabo análisis de fiabilidad, confirmatorios y de invarianza factorial por género. Resultados: Se confirmó la estructura factorial de primer orden, mostrando un ajuste adecuado el modelo de 8 estrategias de afrontamiento, con buenos índices de fiabilidad. No mostraron un ajuste adecuado las factorizaciones de segundo orden (centrado en el problema o en la emoción) ni de tercer orden (compromiso o retirada). Se confirmó la invarianza factorial por género. Conclusiones: Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y aplicadas de los resultados.(AU)

Resilience in theface of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portuguese Adult Athletes / Resiliencia frente a la Pandemia de COVID-19 en los/as Deportistas Adultos/as Portugueses/as / Resiliência face à Pandemia COVID-19 em Atletas Adultos/as Portugueses/as

COVID-19 triggered the most significant global state of emergency since World War II, establishing a long-lasting and challenging transition period in anyone's life. In the case of athletes, some specific challenges arise, particularly those associated with the restrictions in training and competitions imposed by sanitary measures. This exploratory and cross-sectional study aims to understand athletes' resilience in the face of COVID-19. The data was collected between December 2020 and March 2021 from 1016 participants with a mean age of 30 years (SD=12.5), ranging from 18 to 83 years, and an average of 14 years of federated practice (SD=9.55). Resilience was measured through a tripartite assessment of its domains: adversity factors (personal experience with the virus, effects on sports practice, and fear of COVID-19), protection mechanisms (satisfaction with social support and coping strategies), and adjustment (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and subjective impact of the pandemic). The results suggest that the drop in training characteristics, time without trainingand lockdown, fear of COVID-19, and behavioral disengagement are negative predictors of positive adjustment. On the other hand, active coping and satisfaction with social support were positively associated with athletes' adaptation. Furthermore, it was found that being female is an additional adversity factor and that external circumstances, such as the severity of the pandemic, seem to interfere with the participants' adjustment. In conclusion, results suggest that sports institutions should prioritizeathletes’ mental health and promote their sports practice as much as possible.(AU)

La COVID-19 desencadenó el mayor estado de emergencia mundial desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial, estableciendo un período de transición duradero y desafiante en la vida de cualquiera. En el caso de los/as deportistas, surgen algunos retos específicos, especialmente los asociados a las restricciones en los entrenamientos y las competiciones, impuestas por las medidas sanitarias. El objetivo principal de este estudio exploratorio y transversal es comprender la resiliencia de los/as atletas frente a la COVID-19.Los datos se recogieron entre diciembre de 2020 y marzo de 2021 de 1,016 participantes con una edad media de 30 años (±12.5), con un rango de 18 a 83 años, y con una media de 14 años de práctica federada (±9.55). La resiliencia se midió a través de una evaluación tripartita de sus dominios: factores de adversidad (experiencia personal con el virus, efectos en la práctica deportivay miedo al COVID-19), mecanismos de protección (satisfacción con el apoyo social y estrategias de afrontamiento) y ajuste (satisfacción vital, afecto positivo y negativo e impacto subjetivo de la pandemia). Los resultados sugieren que el descenso de las características del entreno, el tiempo sin entrenar y en confinamiento, el miedo al COVID-19 y la desvinculación conductual son predictores negativos del ajuste positivo. Por otro lado, el afrontamiento activo y la satisfacción con el apoyo social se asociaron positivamente con la adaptación de los/as deportistas. Además, se encontró que ser mujer es un factor de adversidad adicional y que las circunstancias externas, como la gravedad de la pandemia, parecen interferir en la adaptación de los/as participantes. En conclusión, los resultados sugieren que las instituciones deportivas deberían priorizar la salud mental de los/as atletas y promover su práctica deportiva en la medida de lo posible.(AU)

A COVID-19 desencadeou o maior estado de emergência global desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial, estabelecendo um período de transição duradouro e desafiante na vida de qualquer pessoa. No caso dos atletas federados, surgiram alguns desafios específicos, particularmente associados às restrições nos treinos e competições impostas por medidas sanitárias. O principal objetivo deste estudo exploratório de natureza trasnversal é compreender aresiliência dos/as atletas federados/as face à COVID-19. Os dados foram recolhidos entre dezembro de 2020 e março de 2021 junto de 1016 participantes com uma idade média de 30 anos (DP=12.5), variando de 18 a 83 anos, e com uma média de 14 anos de prática federada (DP=9.55). A resiliência foi medida através de uma avaliação tripartida dos seus domínios: fatores de risco (experiência pessoal com o vírus, efeitos na prática desportiva, e medo da COVID-19), mecanismos de proteção (satisfação com o apoio social e estratégias de coping), e ajustamento (satisfação com a vida, afeto positivo e negativo, e impacto subjetivo da pandemia). Os resultados sugerem que a queda nas características do treino, o tempo sem treino e em confinamento, o medo da COVID-19 e o desinvestimento comportamental são preditores negativos de ajustamento positivo. Por outro lado, o coping ativo e a satisfação com o apoio social foram positivamente associados à adaptação dos/as atletas. Além disso, verificou-se que ser mulher é um fatorde risco adicional e que circunstâncias externas, tais como a gravidade da pandemia, parecem interferir com o ajustamento dos/as participantes. Em conclusão, os resultados sugerem que as instituições desportivas devem dar prioridade à saúde mental dos/as atletas e promovera sua prática desportiva tanto quanto possível.(AU)

Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de afrontamiento en preescolares, versión padres / Psychometric properties of the Coping Scale in preschoolers, parent version

Es importante evaluar el afrontamiento de los preescolares, específicamente de niños mexicanos, para diseñar programas de intervención y promover estrategias de afrontamiento funcionales ante situaciones estresantes, lo cual puede tener implicaciones en su salud mental. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Afrontamiento, versión para preescolares a una versión para cuidadores. Participaron 525 cuidadores en total, el rango de edad de los niños fue de 2 años 9 meses a 6 años (M = 4.4; D.E.= 0.795); el 49.3% fueron niños y el 50.7% niñas. Se trabajó con la Escala de Afrontamiento para Preescolares, versiones padres (EAP-P), la cual, es una escala tipo Likert de 23 preguntas con 4 opciones de respuesta donde 1=nunca, 2 = pocas veces, 3 = muchas veces y 4= siempre. La Escala se aplicó a los cuidadores por medio de la plataforma Survey Monkey. Se realizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio. Los resultados mostraron un ajuste adecuado del modelo a los datos (RMSEA=.05; NFI = .93: TLI = .91 y CFI = .93). La medida de confiabilidad obtenida mediante el coeficiente alfa de Omega fue de .81 para la escala final de 14 reactivos. Se considera que la EAP-P es un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar el afrontamiento en niños de 3 a 6 años. (AU)

It is important to evaluate the coping of preschoolers, specifically Mexican children, in order to design intervention programs and promote functional coping strategies in stressful situations, which may have implications for their mental health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Coping Scale, preschool version to a version for caregivers. A total of 525 caregivers participated, the age range of the children was 2 years 9 months to 6 years (M = 4.4; and D.E.T = 0.795); 49.3% were boys and 50.7% were girls. We worked with the Coping Scale for Preschoolers, parent version (EAP-P), which is a Likert-type scale of 23 questions with 4 response options where 1 = never, 2 = seldom, 3 = many times and 4 = always. The scale was applied to the caregivers through the Survey Monkey platform. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The results showed an adequate fit of the model to the data (RMSEA = .05; NFI = .93: TLI = .91 and CFI = .93). The reliability measure obtained through alpha omega coefficient was .81 for the final scale of 14 items. It is considered that the EAP-P is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing coping in children aged 3 to 6 years. (AU)

Variables implicadas en la abstinencia de alcohol a largo plazo: cuáles son y cuándo juegan un papel más importante / Variables involved in the long-term alcohol abstinence: Which variables are involved and at what point of time?

Diversas variables psicológicas están implicadas en el pronóstico de los pacientes con dependencia de alcohol, durante el tratamiento y después del alta. Sin embargo, aún no conocemos el papel que juegan estas variables en la consecución y mantenimiento de la abstinencia y, si éstas, se modifican a lo largo del tiempo. Metodología: Se recogieron datos longitudinalmente relacionados con ansiedad, depresión, impulsividad, estrategias de afrontamiento, sentido de la vida (SV) y asistencia a las asociaciones de ayuda-mutua (AM) de pacientes ambulatorios con dependencia de alcohol (N=159, 66% varones, edad media=42.54 años). Se realizaron evaluaciones basalmente, al alta (después de 2 años de tratamiento), a los 2 y a los 4 años después del alta. Las variables relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol fueron evaluadas con el método Timeline Followback. Resultados: En la evaluación basal, el estilo de afrontamiento evitativo y la impulsividad se asociaron con los meses de abstinencia acumulada a los 4 años. Al alta, y a los 2 años de seguimiento, las puntuaciones altas en el SV se asociaron con los meses de abstinencia acumulada a los 4 años. Los modelos de mediación encontraron que el SV incrementaba los meses de abstinencia acumulada a los 4 años a través del estilo de afrontamiento evitativo y una reducción de los niveles de depresión. Conclusiones: El SV es un componente determinante en la abstinencia a largo plazo. Dado que las asociaciones de AM promueven el SV, éstas deberían ser recomendadas como una parte esencial de un tratamiento integrado de la dependencia de alcohol. (AU)

Several psychological variables have been associated with the prognosis during alcohol dependence treatment and after discharge. However, we still do not know the role that these variables play in the achievement of abstinence and if they modify throughout time. Method: Longitudinal survey data related to anxiety, depression, impulsivity, coping, meaning in life (MiL) and attendance to mutual-help groups were collected from outpatients with alcohol dependence (N= 159, 66% male, mean age=42.54 years). Assessment points were the following: baseline, at discharge (after 2-years of treatment), and 2-years and 4-years follow-up after discharge. Drinking outcomes were evaluated with the Timeline Followback Method Assessment. Results: At baseline, levels of avoidance coping and impulsivity were associated with months of accumulated abstinence at 4-years-follow-up. However, at discharge and at two-years follow-up, higher scores in MiL were consistently associated with months of accumulated abstinence at 4-years of follow-up. Mediation models showed that MiL increased accumulated abstinence at 4 years-follow-up by increasing avoidance coping and reducing levels of depression. Conclusions: MiL is a determining component in the long-term sustained abstinence. Our results support the key role of MiL and point to a new mechanism through which it influences the maintenance of sobriety. Because mutual-help groups have consistently demonstrated to promote MiL, they should be implemented and recommended as an essential part of an integrated treatment of alcohol dependence. (AU)

Variables involved in the long-term alcohol abstinence: Which variables are involved and at what point of time? / Variables implicadas en la abstinencia de alcohol a largo plazo: cuáles son y cuándo juegan un papel más importante

Diversas variables psicológicas están implicadas en el pronóstico de los pacientes con dependencia de alcohol, durante el tratamiento y después del alta. Sin embargo, aún no conocemos el papel que juegan estas variables en la consecución y mantenimiento de la abstinencia y, si éstas, se modifican a lo largo del tiempo. Metodología: Se recogieron datos longitudinalmente relacionados con ansiedad, depresión, impulsividad, estrategias de afrontamiento, sentido de la vida (SV) y asistencia a las asociaciones de ayuda-mutua (AM) de pacientes ambulatorios con dependencia de alcohol (N=159, 66% varones, edad media=42.54 años). Se realizaron evaluaciones basalmente, al alta (después de 2 años de tratamiento), a los 2 y a los 4 años después del alta. Las variables relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol fueron evaluadas con el método Timeline Followback. Resultados: En la evaluación basal, el estilo de afrontamiento evitativo y la impulsividad se asociaron con los meses de abstinencia acumulada a los 4 años. Al alta, y a los 2 años de seguimiento, las puntuaciones altas en el SV se asociaron con los meses de abstinencia acumulada a los 4 años. Los modelos de mediación encontraron que el SV incrementaba los meses de abstinencia acumulada a los 4 años a través del estilo de afrontamiento evitativo y una reducción de los niveles de depresión. Conclusiones: El SV es un componente determinante en la abstinencia a largo plazo. Dado que las asociaciones de AM promueven el SV, éstas deberían ser recomendadas como una parte esencial de un tratamiento integrado de la dependencia de alcohol. (AU)

Several psychological variables have been associated with the prognosis during alcohol dependence treatment and after discharge. However, we still do not know the role that these variables play in the achievement of abstinence and if they modify throughout time. Method: Longitudinal survey data related to anxiety, depression, impulsivity, coping, meaning in life (MiL) and attendance to mutual-help groups were collected from outpatients with alcohol dependence (N= 159, 66% male, mean age=42.54 years). Assessment points were the following: baseline, at discharge (after 2-years of treatment), and 2-years and 4-years follow-up after discharge. Drinking outcomes were evaluated with the Timeline Followback Method Assessment. Results: At baseline, levels of avoidance coping and impulsivity were associated with months of accumulated abstinence at 4-years-follow-up. However, at discharge and at two-years follow-up, higher scores in MiL were consistently associated with months of accumulated abstinence at 4-years of follow-up. Mediation models showed that MiL increased accumulated abstinence at 4 years-follow-up by increasing avoidance coping and reducing levels of depression. Conclusions: MiL is a determining component in the long-term sustained abstinence. Our results support the key role of MiL and point to a new mechanism through which it influences the maintenance of sobriety. Because mutual-help groups have consistently demonstrated to promote MiL, they should be implemented and recommended as an essential part of an integrated treatment of alcohol dependence. (AU)

¿Dios mío, por qué me has abandonado? Estrés, ansiedad, depresión y afrontamiento religioso en los estudiantes de Medicina / God, why have you forsaken me? Stress, anxiety, depression and religious-coping in medical students

Antecedentes: los estudiantes de Medicina presentan niveles elevados de estrés, ansiedad y depresión. El afrontamiento religioso es una vía para entender y enfrentarse a eventos negativos en la vida que están relacionados con lo sagrado. Existen diversos estudios de asociación entre el afrontamiento religioso y los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la influencia del afrontamiento religioso sobre el estrés, ansiedad y depresión en los estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Andina del Cusco. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, en 317 estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Andina del Cusco. Se utilizó la Escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21) para medir los estados estresantes y la Escala abreviada de afrontamiento religioso (Brief RCOPE), para determinar niveles de afrontamiento religioso positivo y negativo. Para la expresión de los resultados se calcularon prevalencias y frecuencias, correlación de Spearman y chi cuadrado, valor de p y el IC al 95%. Se incluyó a todos los estudiantes de Medicina que dieron su consentimiento informado y que cursaron de manera regular el ciclo académico 2020-I. Resultados: el 51,5% fueron del sexo femenino. El promedio de edad fue de 21,31 años. El 66,2% obtuvieron puntajes de depresión-moderada, severa o extremadamente-severa, el 70,9% obtuvo puntajes de ansiedad-moderada, severa o extremadamente-severa y el 42,3% presentó estrés-moderado, severo o extremadamente-severo. El afrontamiento religioso negativo tuvo una relación positiva muy significativa con el estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Interpretación: el afrontamiento religioso negativo se asoció significativa (<0,001) y positivamente con el estrés (0,252), ansiedad (0,304) y depresión (0,357), con una potencia alta (>0,5). El estudio tiene implicaciones clínicas y de salud pública.(AU)

Background: Medical students present with elevated levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Religious coping is an avenue for understanding and coping with negative life events that are related to the sacred. There are several studies of association between religious coping and levels of stress, anxiety and depression. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of religious coping on stress, anxiety and depression in medical students of the Universidad Andina del Cusco. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study in 317 medical students of the Universidad Andina del Cusco. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to measure stressful states and the Abbreviated Religious Coping Scale (Brief RCOPE) to determine levels of positive and negative religious coping. For the expression of the results, prevalence and frequencies, Spearman's correlation and chi-square, p-value and 95% CI were calculated. All medical students who gave their informed consent and who regularly attended the 2020-I academic year were included. Results: Of the participants, 51.5% were female. Mean age was 21.31 years. The 66.2% obtained scores of depression-moderate, severe or extremely-severe, 70.9% obtained scores of anxiety-moderate, severe or extremely-severe and 42.3% presented stress-moderate, severe or extremely-severe. Negative religious coping had a highly significant positive relationship with stress, anxiety and depression. Interpretation: Negative religious coping was significantly (<0.001) and positively associated with stress (0.252), anxiety (0.304) and depression (0.357), with high power (>0.5). The study has clinical and public health implications.(AU)

Approach to coping in colombian elite athletes: gender, age and sport / Aproximación al afrontamiento en deportistas de élite colombianos: sexo, edad y deporte

The aim of the study was to analyse, using the Spanish version of the ACSQ-1, the use of coping strategies considering gender, age, type of sport and sport modality, as well as the correlations themselves. The sample consisted of 334 Colombian elite athletes (156 men and 178 women) with a mean age of 27 years (M = 27.10, SD = 6.57). The most commonly used strategies were emotional calming and cognitive restructuring, with mental withdrawal being the least used. Men had higher values than women for emotional calm and cognitive restructuring. Younger athletes had higher values than older athletes for mental withdrawal and seeking social support. Paralympic athletes showed higher values than Olympic athletes in emotional calmness and cognitive restructuring, and nodifferences were found depending on the sport modality. Significant correlations were found between most strategies (AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar, empleando la versión española del ACSQ-1, el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento considerando sexo, edad, tipo dedeporte y modalidad deportiva, así como las propias correlaciones. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 334 deportistas de élite colombianos (156 hombres y 178 mujeres) con una media de edad de 27 años (M = 27,10, DE = 6,57). Las estrategias más empleadas fueron la calma emocional y la reestructuración cognitiva, siendo la menos usada el retraimiento mental. Los hombres presentaron mayores valores que las mujeres en calma emocional y reestructuración cognitiva. Los deportistas de menos edad presentaron mayores valores que los de más en retraimiento mental y búsqueda de apoyo social. Los deportistas de modalidades paralímpicas mostraron mayores valores que los de olímpicas en calma emocional y reestructuración cognitiva, no encontrándose diferencias en función de la modalidad deportiva. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la mayor parte de estrategias (AU)

Estrategias de afrontamiento al síndrome de burnout en médicos-docentes universitarios en postpandemia / Coping strategies to burnout syndrome in post-pandemic university physician-teachers / Estratégias de enfrentamento da síndrome de burnout em professores doutores de universidades pós-pandemia

Los médico-docentes han sufrido las secuelas de la pandemia y que sigue evidenciándose en la postpandemia como estrés laboral; por ello tuvieron que aprender estrategias de afrontamiento para superar este problema de salud mental. Objetivo. Analizar las características del Síndrome de burnout Académico de cuatro docentes-médicos universitarios y las estrategias de afrontamiento que utilizaron en un contexto de postpandemia. Metodología. Investigación cualitativa, fenomenológica, interpretativa, en la que se utilizó la entrevista en profundad a cuatro docentes-médicos (2 varones y 2 mujeres), permitió analizar y reflexionar acerca de las experiencias de los participantes de las secuelas que les dejó el SBA después de la pandemia generada por la COVID-19 y cómo realizaron el afrontamiento. Las categorías fueron SBA y afrontamiento. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en tres fases: (a) descriptiva, en ella se organizó y planificó el proceso metodológico y ético, (b) fase estructural, se elaboraron las guías de entrevista, la matriz para organizar la información, transcripción y codificación de la información y (c) fase de discusión, en la se confrontaron las experiencias discrepantes y semejantes que fueron contrastados con otros estudios. Hallazgos. La COVID-19 generó en los médico-docentes SBA, que se evidenciaron en problemas emocionales, cognitivos, conductuales-psicosomáticos y sociales. El afrontamiento integral con las técnicas cognitivo-conductuales, mindfulness, relajación y la religión permitieron revertir los efectos del SBA. A manera de conclusión. El integral de técnicas terapéuticas de afrontamiento a SBA postraumático mostraron ser eficientes.

Physician-teachers have suffered the after-effects of the pandemic, which continues to be evidenced in the post-pandemic as occupational stress; therefore, they had to learn coping strategies to overcome this mental health problem. Objective. To analyze the characteristics of Academic Burnout Syndrome of four university teacher-physicians and the coping strategies they used in a post-pandemic context. Methodology. Qualitative, phenomenological, interpretative research, using in-depth interviews with four physician-teachers (2 men and 2 women), made it possible to analyze and reflect on the participants' experiences of the after-effects of BMS after the pandemic generated by COVID-19 and how they coped. The categories were BMS and coping. The work was carried out in three phases: (a) descriptive, in which the methodological and ethical process was organized and planned, (b) structural phase, in which the interview guides, the matrix to organize the information, transcription and codification of the information were elaborated, and (c) discussion phase, in which the discrepant and similar experiences were compared and contrasted with other studies. Findings. The COVID-19 generated BMS in the physician-teachers, which were evidenced in emotional, cognitive, behavioral-psychosomatic and social problems. Integrated coping with cognitive-behavioral techniques, mindfulness, relaxation and religion allowed reversing the effects of BMS. By way of conclusion. The integrated therapeutic techniques of coping with posttraumatic BMS proved to be efficient.

Os professores de medicina sofreram os efeitos colaterais da pandemia, que ainda são evidentes no período pós-pandemia como estresse relacionado ao trabalho, e tiveram de aprender estratégias de enfrentamento para superar esse problema de saúde mental. Objetivo. Analisar as características da Síndrome de burnout acadêmico em quatro professores-médicos universitários e as estratégias de enfrentamento que eles usaram em um contexto pós-pandêmico. Metodologia. A pesquisa qualitativa, fenomenológica e interpretativa, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com quatro professores-doutores (2 homens e 2 mulheres), nos permitiu analisar e refletir sobre as experiências dos participantes em relação às sequelas da SBM após a pandemia gerada pela COVID-19 e como eles lidaram com isso. As categorias foram BMS e enfrentamento. O trabalho foi realizado em três fases: (a) descritiva, na qual o processo metodológico e ético foi organizado e planejado; (b) fase estrutural, na qual foram elaborados os guias de entrevista, a matriz para organizar as informações, a transcrição e a codificação das informações; e (c) fase de discussão, na qual experiências discrepantes e semelhantes foram comparadas e contrastadas com outros estudos. Resultados. A COVID-19 gerou BMS nos médicos-professores, que foram evidenciados em problemas emocionais, cognitivos, comportamentais-psicossomáticos e sociais. O enfrentamento integrado com técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais, atenção plena, relaxamento e religião permitiu reverter os efeitos da SGB. À guisa de conclusão. As técnicas terapêuticas integradas de enfrentamento da SGB pós-traumática mostraram-se eficazes.

Posttraumatic growth EEG neuromarkers: translational neural comparisons with resilience and PTSD in trauma-exposed healthy adults.

Background: Supporting wellbeing beyond symptom reduction is necessary in trauma care. Research suggests increased posttraumatic growth (PTG) may promote wellbeing more effectively than posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom reduction alone. Understanding neurobiological mechanisms of PTG would support PTG intervention development. However, most PTG research to-date has been cross-sectional data self-reported through surveys or interviews.Objective: Neural evidence of PTG and its coexistence with resilience and PTSD is limited. To advance neural PTG literature and contribute translational neuroscientific knowledge necessary to develop future objectively measurable neural-based PTG interventions.Method: Alpha frequency EEG and validated psychological inventories measuring PTG, resilience, and PTSD symptoms were collected from 30 trauma-exposed healthy adults amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. EEG data were collected using custom MNE-Python software, and a wireless OpenBCI 16-channel dry electrode EEG headset. Psychological inventory scores were analysed in SPSS Statistics and used to categorise the EEG data. Power spectral density analyses, t-tests and ANOVAs were conducted within EEGLab to identify brain activity differentiating high and low PTG, resilience, and PTSD symptoms.Results: Higher PTG was significantly differentiated from low PTG by higher alpha power in the left centro-temporal brain area around EEG electrode C3. A trend differentiating high PTG from PTSD was also indicated in this same location. Whole-scalp spectral topographies revealed alpha power EEG correlates of PTG, resilience and PTSD symptoms shared limited, but potentially meaningful similarities.Conclusion: This research provides the first comparative neural topographies of PTG, resilience and PTSD symptoms in the known literature. Results provide objective neural evidence supporting existing theory depicting PTG, resilience and PTSD as independent, yet co-occurring constructs. PTG neuromarker alpha C3 significantly delineated high from low PTG and warrants further investigation for potential clinical application. Findings provide foundation for future neural-based interventions and research for enhancing PTG in trauma-exposed individuals.

Objective translational study designed to increase neural understanding of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and provide a basis for future neural-based interventions to enhance PTG.Results provide neural evidence of PTG as an independent construct that coexists, and shares limited neural relatedness with resilience and PTSD symptoms.Increased PTG was significantly related to higher alpha power in the left centro-temporal brain area around EEG electrode C3: This finding warrants further investigation for potential clinical application.

Child maltreatment and resilience in adulthood: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Although child maltreatment (CM) has been linked to health problems and poor psychosocial functioning, not all individuals exposed to CM develop or experience negative consequences later in life. This suggests that some individuals show resilience after being exposed to CM. However, conclusions have been limited by inconsistent findings across different CM subtypes and resilience domains.Objective: To develop a protocol for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify associations between CM (overall and its subtypes) and resilience (global and its multiple domains) in adulthood, and to examine moderators and mediators of these associations.Method: PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science will be searched to identify relevant studies on the association between CM (exposure) and resilience (outcome) in adults (≥ 18 years). Data will be screened and extracted by at least two independent reviewers. The methodological quality of the included studies will be independently assessed with a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). If deemed viable, a meta-analysis will be conducted using a random effects model. Heterogeneity of evidence will be estimated with the I2 statistic, and publication bias will be assessed. The effects of potential moderators (e.g. timing and severity of CM, age, sex, family cohesion, socio-economic status, country/region) will be analysed using meta-regression and subgroup analyses, and meta-analytical structural equation modelling will be employed to synthesise indirect mediation effects. Candidate moderators and mediators (e.g. genetic factors, brain functioning, attachment style, personality traits, physical activity, and social support) will be also examined qualitatively.Conclusions: This protocol will facilitate a systematic review and meta-analysis that has the potential to enhance our knowledge about the association between CM exposure in early life and resilience in adulthood. Understanding associations and underlying mechanisms between CM and resilience is potentially important in informing prevention and interventions to sustain health and improve outcomes among adults with a history of CM.PROSPERO registration: CRD42023394120.

In this study protocol, we propose to quantitatively summarise the existing literature on the relationship between child maltreatment and resilience with regard to mental health consequences and psychosocial functioning later in life.This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis will establish the procedures to investigate associations between an overall classification of child maltreatment and its different associated subtypes, and a global/trait classification of resilience and its different domains in adults.This protocol will further determine the analytical approach to explore and summarise effect moderators and mediators of the association between child maltreatment and resilience in adulthood.The resulting synthesis, that will be based on this protocol, could enhance our understanding of the strength of the association between child maltreatment and resilience and inform prevention strategies and clinical interventions to improve health and psychosocial functioning in adult survivors.

Estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en las emociones de enfermeros de un hospital de Corrientes en el año 2022 / Coping strategies focused on emotions in nurses from a hospital in Corrientes in the year 2022

Introducción: el personal de enfermería enfrenta a diario jornadas extendidas de trabajo, tiene muchos pacientes a su cargo, dificultades en las relaciones interpersonales, que podrían desencadenar en estrés, para lo cual el individuo desarrolla un proceso de adaptación o desequilibrio y es por esta razón la importancia de contar con estrategias para afrontar las situaciones. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las estrategias de afrontamiento ante situaciones de estrés utilizadas por los profesionales de enfermería de un Hospital Público de la ciudad de Corrientes capital, así como su asociación con variables socio demográficas. Metodología: estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y observacional. La población incluyó enfermeros de un hospital público de la ciudad de Corrientes en el período 2022. Se consideró como criterios de inclusión personal de enfermería que cumpla funciones asistenciales y su tiempo de labor fuera de 1 año o más; como criterios de exclusión, personal que tuviera dos o más puestos de trabajo y de criterios de eliminación aquellos enfermeros que no se encuentren presentes al momento de la encuesta. El cálculo del tamaño muestral se realizó a través del método probabilístico aleatorio simple resultando de éste 120 profesionales de enfermería. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicó una encuesta adaptada del cuestionario Ways of Coping Questionnaire de Lazarus y Folkman. Resultados: se evidenció que la estrategia de afrontamiento más utilizada por los enfermeros fue la reinterpretación positiva. Conclusión: a través de este estudio se logró reconocer las estrategias de afrontamiento que el personal de enfermería utilizó al momento de enfrentar situaciones o experiencias estresantes[AU]

Introduction: nursing staff face extended work days daily, have many patients under their care, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, which could trigger stress, for which the individual develops a process of adaptation or imbalance and it is for this reason the importance of having strategies to deal with situations. Objectives: the objective of this study was to analyze coping strategies in stressful situations used by nursing professionals from a Public Hospital in the capital city of Corrientes, as well as their association with sociodemographic variables. Methodology: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study. The population included nurses from a public hospital in the city of Corrientes in the period 2022. Inclusion criteria were considered nursing personnel who perform care functions and their time of work was 1 year or more; as exclusion criteria, personnel who had two or more jobs and as elimination criteria those nurses who were not present at the time of the survey. The calculation of the sample size was carried out through the simple random probabilistic method, resulting in 120 nursing professionals. For data collection, a survey adapted from the Ways of Coping Questionnaire by Lazarus and Folkman was applied. Results: it was evidenced that the coping strategy most used by nurses was positive reinterpretation. Conclusion: through this study, it was possible to recognize the coping strategies that the nursing staff used when facing stressful situations or experiences[AU]

Introdução: a equipe de enfermagem enfrenta diariamente jorna-das de trabalho extensas, tem muitos pacientes sob seus cuidados, dificuldades no relacionamento interpessoal, podendo desenca-dear estresse, para o qual o indivíduo desenvolve um processo de adaptação ou desequilíbrio e por isso a importância de se ter estra-tégias para lidar com as situações. Objetivos: o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as estratégias de enfrentamento em situações estressan-tes utilizadas por profissionais de enfermagem de um Hospital Pú-blico da capital Corrientes, bem como sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal e observacional. A população incluiu enfermeiros de um hospital público da cidade de Corrientes no período de 2022. Os critérios de inclusão foram considerados pessoal de enfermagem que desempenha funções assistenciais e seu tempo de trabalho foi de 1 ano ou mais; como critérios de exclusão, pessoal que exercesse dois ou mais vínculos empregatícios e como critérios de eliminação os enfermeiros que não estivessem presentes no momento da pes-quisa. O cálculo do tamanho da amostra foi realizado pelo método probabilístico aleatório simples, resultando em 120 profissionais de enfermagem. Para a coleta de dados, foi aplicado um questionário adaptado do Questionário de Modos de Enfrentamento de Lazarus e Folkman. Resultados: evidenciou-se que a estratégia de enfrenta-mento mais utilizada pelos enfermeiros foi a reinterpretação posi-tiva. Conclusão: Por meio deste estudo, foi possível reconhecer as estratégias de enfrentamento que a equipe de enfermagem utiliza diante de situações ou experiências estressantes[AU]

The psychological impact of the Turkey-Syria earthquake on children: addressing the need for ongoing mental health support and global humanitarian response.

This letter aims to explore the potential impact of the Turkey-Syria earthquake on the psychological well-being of the affected children and adolescents. It emphasises the crucial importance of prompt identification and management of emerging mental health disorders in this vulnerable population. The letter draws on existing research evidence to highlight the need for suitable mental health interventions to mitigate the anticipated suffering of many children and adolescents affected by the earthquake. A comprehensive overview of the mediating factors which may play a role in the extent of the impact of an earthquake on the mental health of children is discussed. A range of appropriate strategies and interventions are recommended and the call for continued global support is renewed. We have concluded that major earthquakes can potentially contribute to the development of mental health disorders among children and adolescents. However, by providing timely and effective support, it is possible to prevent long-term psychological consequences and facilitate early recovery. We propose the urgent implementation of effective mental health interventions in the aftermath of the Turkey-Syria earthquake to foster the recovery and resilience of the affected young population.

Mental health disorders are more prevalent in children affected by earthquakes.Prompt identification of emerging mental health disorders among this population is crucial.Management of the psychological impact in this context must be practical and needs-based.A focused and continued global support response is needed to manage the long-term challenges.

Positive Psychological Functioning, Emotional Regulation and Coping Strategies as Predictors of Adaptation to Illness in Uruguayan Adolescents in Treatment for Cancer / Funcionamiento Psicológico Positivo, Regulación Emocional y Estrategias de Afrontamiento como Predictores de Adaptación a la Enfermedad en Adolescentes Uruguayos en Tratamiento por Cáncer

This study aimed to analyze whether there is a relationship between the variables: Positive Psychological Functioning (PPF), Emotional Regulation (ER) and Coping Strategies (CS) in relation to Adaptation to Illness (AI), and which of these variables is the best predictor of adaptation in adolescents undergoing cancer treatment. The clinical sample was of 33 adolescents aged 12-17 years (M =15.15, ST=1.67). The results indicated that emotional suppression was used more by females, while the coping strategies of religion and behavioral disengagement were used more by males. Participants from the interior of the country showed higher values in PPF than those from the city, and religious belief was more highly related with AI and ER. A linear regression study showed that, although the three independent variables predict the dependent variable, the best predictor is PPF, followed by ER and CS. The t value of the stepwise linear regression model indicated a significance of .02. These results may be useful when planning treatment in adolescents with cancer, with an approach based on psychological resources. (AU)

Este estudio se propuso analizar si existe relación entre las variables: funcionamiento Psicológico Positivo (FPP), Regulación Emocional (RE) y Estrategias de Afrontamiento (EA) con relación a la Adaptación a la Enfermedad (AD); y cuál de estas variables es el mejor predictor de la adaptación en adolescentes en tratamiento por cáncer. Se analizó una muestra clínica de 33 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre 12 - 17 años (M = 15). Los resultados indicaron que la supresión emocional fue más utilizada por las mujeres, mientras que las estrategias de afrontamiento de religión y desvinculación comportamental fueron más usadas por varones. Los participantes del interior del país mostraron valores más altos en el FPP con relación a los de ciudad, y la creencia religiosa, presentó alta relación con la AD y la RE. Por medio de estudio de regresión lineal, se pudo observar que, si bien las tres variables independientes predicen la variable dependiente, el mejor predictor es el FPP, seguido de la RE y las EA. El valor de t indicó un buen índice de relevancia del F. Estos resultados pueden ser de utilidad para ser considerados en la planificación de tratamientos en adolescentes con cáncer, con un abordaje basado en recursos psicológicos. (AU)

Perceived parental depression and PTSD in adolescents: mediating roles of attachment insecurity and coping style.

Background: Earthquakes can cause negative psychological states in adolescents and their parents, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that adolescents who perceive parental depression after an earthquake are more likely to experience PTSD. However, the mechanism underlying this process remains unclear and previous studies have not examined the association between these factors.Objective: The current study explored the mediating roles of attachment insecurity and coping style in the association between perceived parental depression and PTSD in adolescents after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake.Method: In total, 391 participants completed follow-up questionnaires at 12, 21, and 27 months (T1-T3, respectively) after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake.Results: T1 perceived parental depression was not a direct predictor of T3 PTSD in adolescents. In the full mediation model, T1 perceived parental depression predicted T3 PTSD in adolescents indirectly via T2 attachment insecurities through T2 emotion-focused coping.Conclusion: The findings highlight that attachment insecurity and emotion-focused coping mediated the relationship between perceived parental depression and PTSD in adolescents following an earthquake. To alleviate PTSD in adolescents, efforts should be directed toward reducing perceived parental depressive symptoms and emotion-focused coping, and promoting the formation of secure attachment styles.

Perceived parental depression after an earthquake is associated with subsequent PTSD symptoms in adolescents indirectly.Attachment insecurity and coping styles mediate the relationship between perceived parental depression and PTSD in adolescents.Therapy should focus on adolescents' emotional processing after an earthquake to help them cope without resorting to emotion-focused coping.

Coping with Transgressions by the Romantic Partner: An Inventory Validation and its Correlation with Forgiveness / Afrontamiento ante las Transgresiones de la Pareja: Validación de un Inventario y su Relación con el Perdón

Abstract Almost every person has to deal with transgressions committed by a romantic partner and faces their negative psychological outcomes, and coping strategies might be key to understanding post-transgression dynamics and forgiveness. We tested the construct validity of the Inventory of Strategies for Coping with a Partner's Transgression which include the emotion (E-FCS), problem (P-FCS), and meaning-focused coping strategies (M-FCS) scales. Results replicated the factor structure of each of the three scales through confirmatory factor analysis techniques, tested its reliability with the McDonald's omega coefficient, and then correlated the scales with forgiveness and resentment, strengthening its construct validity. In general, the validity and reliability of scales were confirmed. Emotion-focused strategies showed a negative correlation with forgiveness, while problem and meaning-focused strategies had a positive correlation. These findings were discussed in the context of theory and their practical implications.

Resumen Las personas tienden a lidiar con transgresiones cometidas por su pareja y enfrentar sus consecuencias psicológicas aversivas, por lo que las estrategias de afrontamiento pueden ser clave para la dinámica post-transgresión, y el perdón. Validamos tres escalas para medir estrategias de afrontamiento ante las transgresiones cometidas por la pareja: Estrategias enfocadas en la emoción (E-FCS), el problema (P-FCS) y el sentido (M-FCS). Los resultados muestran que las estructuras factoriales se replicaron en mediante análisis factoriales confirmatorios, se puso a prueba su confiabilidad mediante el coeficiente omega de McDonald, y finalmente se correlacionaron con el perdón y resentimiento, fortaleciendo su validez de constructo. En general los resultados muestran evidencia de validez de constructo y confiabilidad, en general los factores de la E-FCS se correlacionaron negativamente con al perdón, mientras que de P-FCS Y M-FSC lo hicieron positivamente. Se discuten los hallazgos a la luz de la teoría, y sus implicaciones prácticas.

Estrés académico en estudiantes de Medicina durante la pandemia de covid-19 / Academic stress in Medicine students during covid-19 pandemic i: en

Introducción: Los estudiantes de las ciencias médicas refieren mayores niveles de estrés académico, particularmente los de la carrera de Medicina. Objetivo: Caracterizar a estudiantes de Medicina según nivel de estrés, reacciones psicosomáticas y estrategias de afrontamiento usadas durante la pandemia de covid-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, desde septiembre hasta diciembre del 2020, de 30 estudiantes de primer y segundo años de la carrera de Medicina, pertenecientes a la Facultad No. 2 de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, que refirieron sentirse nerviosos. Como variables analizadas figuraron: sexo, nivel de estrés autopercibido, situaciones generadoras de estrés, reacciones físicas, psicológicas, comportamentales, y estrategias de afrontamiento. Se utilizó el porcentaje para los datos cualitativos, así como la media y la desviación estándar para los cuantitativos. Resultados: El nivel de estrés autopercibido resultó medio en el sexo masculino y alto en el femenino. En el estudio predominaron el tiempo limitado para la realización de trabajos, las evaluaciones de los profesores y la sobrecarga académica como situaciones generadoras de estrés; la somnolencia, la inquietud, el aislamiento y los conflictos o discusiones como principales reacciones; la planificación de sus tareas, la búsqueda de información sobre la situación y la habilidad asertiva como estrategias de afrontamiento. Conclusiones: La muestra estudiada se caracterizó por presentar nivel medio de estrés autopercibido, responder a situaciones generadoras de estrés académico, expresar reacciones físicas, psicológicas y comportamentales ante estas situaciones, así como también por usar estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en el problema.

Introduction: Medical sciences students refer higher levels of academic stress, particularly those of the Medicine career. Objective: To characterize Medicine students according to stress level, psychosomatic reactions and confrontation strategies used during covid-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from September to December, 2020, of 30 first and second year students of the Medicine career, belonging to Faculty No. 2 of the University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba that referred to feel nervous. The analyzed variables were sex, self-perceived level of stress, situations generating stress, physical, psychological, behavioural reactions and confrontation strategies. The percentage was used for the qualitative data, as well as the mean and the standard deviation for the quantitative ones. Results: The self-perceived level of stress was average in the male sex and high in the female sex. In the study there was a prevalence of the limited time for the realization of works, evaluations of professors and academic overload as situations generating stress; the drowsiness, restlessness, isolation and conflicts or discussions as main reactions; planning of their tasks, search of information on the situation and assertive skill as confrontation strategies. Conclusions: The studied sample was characterized by presenting a medium level of self-perceived stress, responding to situations that generate academic stress, expressing physical, psychological and behavioural reactions when facing these situations, as well as using confrontation strategies focused on the problem.